Prompt: Elaborate Magna Carta. Give interesting stories and fun facts
to #ChatGPT.
《大憲章》詳解：有趣故事與趣聞
《大憲章》（Magna Carta），又稱**《大憲法》，是1215年英格蘭國王約翰王（King John）在貴族壓力下簽署的一份開創性文件。這份文件被視為歷史上最重要的法律文件之一，奠定了憲政與個人權利的基礎。以下是一些有趣的故事與趣聞**：
1. 被迫簽署的國王
約翰王以殘暴和不得人心著稱。他對貴族課以重稅，失去法國領土，還與教宗和自己的貴族們鬧翻。到了1215年，英格蘭貴族忍無可忍，發動叛亂，佔領倫敦，迫使國王談判。最終，《大憲章》誕生，限制王權。
趣聞：約翰王其實從未讀過《大憲章》，因為它是用拉丁文寫成的，而他是文盲！
2. 倫尼米德（Runnymede）的談判
1215年6月15日，《大憲章》在泰晤士河畔的**倫尼米德（Runnymede）**簽署。這並不是一場盛大的儀式，而是一場劍拔弩張的談判，國王在壓力下不得不妥協。
**趣聞：**如今，倫尼米德已成為一片寧靜的草原，美國律師協會（American Bar Association）在此設立了紀念碑，以表彰《大憲章》對美國法律的影響。
3. 教宗宣佈無效
簽署後不久，約翰王暗中向教宗英諾森三世（Pope Innocent III）告狀，聲稱自己被迫簽署。教宗不僅宣布《大憲章》無效，還稱其為「可恥且屈辱的文件」，並將叛亂貴族逐出教會。隨後爆發了第一次貴族戰爭（First Barons’ War）。
趣聞：如果教宗的決定生效，《大憲章》可能會被徹底遺忘！但約翰王在1216年去世，新國王為了平息局勢，重新頒布了這份文件。
4. 原始文件的神秘消失
最初至少有13份原始手抄本的《大憲章》，被送往英格蘭各地。但如今，僅剩下四份，分別存放於：
- 大英圖書館（British Library） 兩份
- 索爾茲伯里大教堂（Salisbury Cathedral） 一份
- 林肯大教堂（Lincoln Cathedral） 一份
趣聞：2015年，研究人員意外在英格蘭肯特郡（Kent）的一個檔案館後面發現了一份此前未知的《大憲章》草稿！
5. 影響現代法律
《大憲章》奠定了**人身保護令（Habeas Corpus）與正當法律程序（Due Process）**等法律概念，影響了：
- 美國憲法（U.S. Constitution）
- 權利法案（Bill of Rights）
- 《世界人權宣言》（Universal Declaration of Human Rights）
**趣聞：**美國革命時，殖民地民眾經常引用《大憲章》，作為英國政府不公的證據！
6. 一份《大憲章》曾賣出2,100萬美元
2007年，一份1297年版本的《大憲章》（由愛德華一世國王（King Edward I）重新發布）在拍賣會上以2,130萬美元的價格售出，買家是億萬富翁大衛·魯賓斯坦（David Rubenstein）。
趣聞：這份文件現存於華盛頓國家檔案館（National Archives in Washington, D.C.），與《美國憲法》和《獨立宣言》一起展出！
7. 約翰王的皇冠（字面意義上）丟了！
1216年，約翰王在逃離叛軍時，經過英格蘭東部的沃什灣（The Wash），一處危險的潮汐河口。他的車隊載著王冠和國庫財寶，卻被泥沼吞沒，至今仍未尋回。
**趣聞：**人們至今仍在尋找約翰王的失落寶藏，但一無所獲！
8. 《大憲章》的奇怪條款
雖然《大憲章》被視為自由與權利的基礎，但它的原始條款中，有些內容非常奇特，例如禁止在泰晤士河與梅德韋河設置漁網，以確保商業與航運通暢。
趣聞：原始的63條條款中，如今僅有3條仍是英國法律的一部分！
結論
儘管最初只是失敗的和平協議，《大憲章》最終成為自由與民主的象徵。它確立了「法律至上」的原則，無論是國王還是普通公民，都要遵守法律。下次當你聽到「公民自由」、「公平審判」或「憲法權利」時，別忘了，這一切都源於1215年，一群叛亂貴族與一位倒楣國王的對抗！
The Magna Carta, also known as the Great Charter, was a groundbreaking document signed in 1215 by King John of England under pressure from rebellious barons. It is considered one of the most important legal documents in history, laying the foundation for constitutional law and individual rights. Here’s a deep dive with interesting stories and fun facts:
1. The King Who Was Forced to Sign
King John was infamous for being a cruel and unpopular ruler. He heavily taxed the nobles, lost land in France, and was constantly at odds with the Pope and his own barons. By 1215, the English barons had had enough. They rebelled, captured London, and forced the king to negotiate. This led to the creation of Magna Carta, a set of promises limiting royal power.
Fun Fact: King John never actually read Magna Carta before sealing it—he was illiterate in Latin, the language it was written in!
2. The Runnymede Showdown
Magna Carta was signed on June 15, 1215, at Runnymede, a field near the River Thames. It wasn’t a grand event but more of a tense negotiation where the barons essentially bullied John into agreeing.
Fun Fact: Today, Runnymede is a peaceful meadow with a memorial by the American Bar Association, honoring the document’s influence on U.S. law.
3. The Pope Canceled It
Shortly after signing, King John secretly wrote to Pope Innocent III, complaining that he had been forced into the agreement. The Pope declared Magna Carta invalid, calling it “shameful and demeaning,” and excommunicated the rebellious barons. A civil war, known as the First Barons’ War, soon erupted.
Fun Fact: If the Pope had his way, Magna Carta would have been forgotten—but King John died in 1216, and his successors reissued it to restore peace.
4. The Original Copies Mystery
There were at least 13 original copies of the Magna Carta, all written by hand and sent across England. Today, only four survive—two in the British Library, one in Salisbury Cathedral, and one in Lincoln Cathedral.
Fun Fact: In 2015, a researcher accidentally discovered a previously unknown draft of Magna Carta in the back of an archive in Kent, England!
5. The Influence on Modern Law
Magna Carta introduced principles like habeas corpus (protection from illegal imprisonment) and due process, inspiring documents like:
- The U.S. Constitution
- The Bill of Rights
- The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Fun Fact: When the American Revolution broke out, revolutionaries often cited Magna Carta as proof that British rule was unjust!
6. A Copy Once Sold for $21 Million
In 2007, a 1297 copy of Magna Carta, issued by King Edward I, was sold at an auction for $21.3 million to billionaire David Rubenstein.
Fun Fact: This copy is now displayed in the National Archives in Washington, D.C., next to the U.S. Constitution and the Declaration of Independence!
7. King John Lost His Crown (Literally!)
While fleeing from rebellious forces in 1216, King John crossed The Wash, a dangerous tidal estuary in eastern England. His baggage train, carrying his crown jewels and treasure, was swallowed by quicksand and lost forever.
Fun Fact: People still search for King John’s lost treasure, but it has never been found!
8. The ‘Fake’ Magna Carta Clause
Although Magna Carta is famous for establishing freedom and rights, one of its original clauses was about fish weirs (traps in rivers)! It ordered their removal from the Thames and Medway to protect trade and travel.
Fun Fact: Out of the original 63 clauses, only three are still part of English law today!
Conclusion
Though it started as a failed peace treaty, Magna Carta became a symbol of freedom and democracy worldwide. It proved that no one—not even a king—is above the law. The next time you hear about civil liberties, fair trials, or constitutional rights, remember that it all traces back to a rebellious group of barons and an unlucky king in 1215!
Prompt: Draws an image to depict the scene that 倫尼米德（Runnymede）的談判: 1215年6月15日，《大憲章》在泰晤士河畔的**倫尼米德（Runnymede）**簽署。這並不是一場盛大的儀式，而是一場劍拔弩張的談判，國王在壓力下不得不妥協。 Emphasize King John never actually read Magna Carta before sealing it—he was illiterate in Latin, the language it was written in!
